What is hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation, or uneven skin pigmentation, is a skin condition in which dark spots and dark patches of skin appear on the face, hands and other parts of the body. They can make the skin look uneven. These spots or patches are caused by an increase in melanin. Melanin is the natural pigment that gives our skin, hair and eyes their colour. A number of factors can trigger an increase in melanin production, but the main causes are sun exposure, hormonal influences, age, skin injuries and inflammation.
What are the different types of hyperpigmentation?
There are several types of hyperpigmentation; here are some of the most common ones:
- Freckles: the most common type of pigmentation. Your genetics can usually influence whether you get freckles. However, they are also often the very first signs of sun damage as they tend to develop after repeated sun exposure.
- Solar Lentigines/ Sun Spots/ Age Spots/ Liver Spots: these are pigmented spots which vary in colour from light brown to black. They can appear anywhere on the body and are caused by UV rays from sun exposure. These types of pigmentation must be monitored as they have the potential to develop into skin cancer and melanoma.
- Melasma: this is believed to be caused by hormonal changes and can often develop during pregnancy.
- Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation or Hypopigmentation: this is a result of injury or inflammation to the skin. A common cause of this type is acne.
What causes hyperpigmentation?
Several different conditions or factors can cause hyperpigmentation:
- Some medication, such as the birth control pill;
- It can be a chemotherapy side effect;
- Pregnancy;
- Excessive sun exposure;
- Scarring from acne;
- Simply being genetically predisposed to it, such as being born with freckles.
What ingredients are recommended for someone with hyperpigmentation?
Firstly, antioxidants are important to neutralize free radicals from causing oxidative damage to the skin and block enzymatic processes that make more pigment in the skin. Therefore, look out for products that are rich in antioxidants, such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E. All the Irene Forte Skincare products are packed full of antioxidants, especially high levels of Vitamin E.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a great ingredient which slows pigment production. The Irene Forte Olive Eye Cream contains this ingredient. This cream also contains a unique Penta-Phyto Complex, which improves the appearance of uneven skin tone.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs) are an effective way of exfoliating dead cells from the surface of the skin to enhance radiance and improve hyperpigmentation. The Irene Forte Lemon Toner, Apricot Penta-Acid Polish, and Lavender Tetra-Acid Mask contain an Italian triple blend of AHAs, including Grape (Tartaric Acid), Apple (Malic Acid) and Lemon (Citric Acid) Extracts. These acids slough off dead, dull skin cells, helping to brighten and lighten the skin. The Apricot Penta-Acid Polish also contains a gentle AHA from Almonds (Mandelic Acid).
Polyhydroxy Acids (PHAs) are considered the next generation of acids because they are exfoliants that both hydrate and brighten the skin. The Apricot Penta-Acid Polish contains PHA Gluconolactone.
You should also look out for Azelaic Acid, which is present in the Lavender Tetra-Acid Mask. Azelaic acid is known to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase, which is needed for the production of melanin.
Glutathione is also a fantastic ingredient, which can be found in our Lavender Face Cream. Proven to be a potent antioxidant in our scientific trials, it also helps to lighten dark spots and brighten the skin.
Other important ingredients include hydroquinone (which also inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase) and retinoid (which can also enhance a hydroquinone treatment). However, I would recommend getting these from products prescribed by a dermatologist or doctor.
Recommended Skincare Regime
To address hyperpigmentation, the following Irene Forte products can be used daily:
- Lavender Foam Cleanser: Contains brightening Rosemary Water.
- Lemon Toner: Features a triple blend of AHAs and clarifying Witch Hazel Water.
- Olive Eye Cream: Contains Niacinamide B3 and Penta-Phyto Complex.
- Serum of choice.
- Lavender Face Cream: Contains Glutathione and Rosemary Water.
For enhanced results, use the Apricot Penta-Acid Polish or Lavender Tetra-Acid Mask 1-3 times per week. Most importantly, always use sunscreen daily.
Recommended Treatments for Hyperpigmentation
- Microdermabrasion: Exfoliates skin using tiny particles, typically requiring three to six treatments.
- Chemical Peels: Promote cell turnover to remove pigmented skin layers, effective with fruit acid, salicylic acid, or glycolic acid.
- Laser Treatments: Suitable for deeper hyperpigmentation, using light beams to target and break down melanin.
Additional Tips
Start hyperpigmentation treatments in the winter months to avoid sun exposure, making it easier to protect your skin during the process.
